Which term describes the time-based schedules where reinforcement occurs after a fixed period?

The term that describes the time-based schedules where reinforcement occurs after a fixed period is known as a fixed interval schedule. This type of schedule provides reinforcement after a specific amount of time has elapsed, which creates a post-reinforcement pause followed by a gradual increase in responding as the next reinforcement opportunity approaches. For example, a worker might receive a paycheck every two weeks, leading them to work harder as the payday approaches, but with less effort immediately after receiving their paycheck.

Understanding this concept is crucial in behavior psychology and training contexts, as it helps to define behavioral patterns and expectations regarding rewards or reinforcement. The other terms refer to different reinforcement structures: a variable interval schedule implies reinforcement after varying time periods, ratio schedules focus on the number of responses for reinforcement rather than time, and a reinforcement schedule is a general term that encompasses all types of reinforcement timing and structure, but does not specify the fixed nature of time as the fixed interval does.