When a toddler cries and is given a toy, what is the result of this action?

When a toddler cries and is subsequently given a toy, the most likely outcome is that crying is strengthened. This concept relates to the principles of operant conditioning, specifically reinforcement. In this scenario, the toy serves as a positive reinforcement for the behavior of crying. By providing a toy in response to crying, the caregiver inadvertently rewards the child for that behavior.

As a result, the toddler learns that crying leads to receiving a toy. This reinforces the crying behavior, making it more likely that the toddler will cry again in the future when seeking attention or a toy. Therefore, the association between crying and receiving a reward solidifies the crying as an effective strategy for obtaining what they want, thereby strengthening the behavior rather than eliminating, weakening, or rendering it irrelevant.