During which type of reinforcement is a behavior followed by the removal of a consequence?

The correct choice accurately identifies negative reinforcement, which involves the removal of an adverse consequence to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. In this context, negative reinforcement is not about punishment; rather, it reinforces a behavior by eliminating something unpleasant.

For instance, if a student studies hard to avoid the stress of failing an exam, the stress serves as the adverse consequence that is removed when the student studies effectively. Thus, the removal of the stress positively influences the studying behavior.

The other options do not correctly describe the mechanism of reinforcement in question. Positive reinforcement involves the addition of a pleasant consequence, not the removal of an adverse one, which does not align with the concept being asked about in the question.